Pancreatic Cancer - 2232 Words

The pancreas is a part of the endocrine system, and is located in the abdominal cavity surrounded by the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and stomach. The pancreas processes both exocrine and endocrine function. The exocrine function consists of the secretion of digestive enzymes into the duodenum through ducts. The enzymes digest starches and fats. The endocrine functions are a cluster of cells called the islets of Langerhans and only make up 2% of the pancreatic tissue. The islets of Langerhans is made up of three cells, alpha, beta, and delta. There function is to secrete hormones and paracrine products. The most important hormones secreted are insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Alpha cells secrete glucagon, which increase†¦show more content†¦Jaundice occurs when there is an increased amount of bilirubin in the blood, this occurs with liver involvement. The liver is the site of bilirubin breakdown and elimination into the stool. When the liver is affected by cancer it cannot excrete bilirubin effectively. A new diagnosis of Diabetes Militias can occur, due to the impaired function of the pancreas to secrete important hormones that control blood glucose. Splenomegaly is caused by blood flow backing up into the spleen, caused by compression of the portal vein by the tumor. Hepatomegaly is caused by tumor growth on the liver. Key Nursing assessment Assess for pain given the rate of metastasize cancer could affect many organ and become very pain full. Assess the presents of Jaundice. If Jaundice is present it gives a good indicator that the cancer has spread to gallbladder and liver. Fatigue is common among these patients. You will need a consult from PT, to assess their needs for assistance with mobility, ADL. Talk with patient about support system. Only 3% of individual’s diagnosed with pancreatic cancer live past 5 years. Most patient diagnosed pass away within the first year. Risk Factors The cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown, patient at risk are those between the age of 60 to 80 years old and with a history of smoking. Other factors for development of pancreatic cancer are Diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis,Show MoreRelatedPancreatic Cancer : The Cancer1084 Words   |  5 PagesPancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer is the cancer of the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ between the spine and the stomach, and is about 6 inches long. The pancreas is also made up of two major components named the exocrine and the endocrine. A person has to have a pancreas to survive and this cancer can cause a rapid decline in health and eventually death. To prevent this cancer, a person needs to stop smoking, maintain a healthy weight, and check up with your sugar. Stop Smoking The problemRead MoreEssay On Pancreatic Cancer750 Words   |  3 PagesSurgery: Localized Disease Approximately 20% of pancreatic cancer is found to be operable or resectable. The complete resection of the primary lesion is best treatment for patients with localized pancreatic cancer. However the risk of both local and distal recurrence is high in following resection. In early stage pancreatic cancer the complete resection are associated with considerable morbidity in 40–60% of patients and mortality in less than 3% of patients (Sohn et al., 2000; Winter et al., 2006)Read MoreCauses And Treatment Of Pancreatic Cancer1573 Words   |  7 PagesPancreatic Cancer What exactly is the pancreas it is an organ that makes insulin and enzymes for digestion. The pancreas is located behind the lower part of the stomach and is about the size of a hand (National Institute of Health, n.d.). Pancreatic cancer is a disease that targets the Pancreas. Can start out as pancreatitis, which can be acute inflammation of the pancreas or the hereditary and even the deadliest chronic pancreatitis. The chronic form can devastate and debilitate the patient thisRead MorePancreatic Cancer : Cancer And Cancer974 Words   |  4 PagesPancreatic cancer occurs when build up of cancerous cells develop within the tissues of the pancreas. The build up of those cells can go on undetected for quite some time before pain or any symptoms show themselves. Also some of the pains can be mistaken for symptoms of some other less severe conditions. The pancreas is the organ that produces digestive juices and hormones that regulate blood sugar. Cells called exocrine pancreas cells pr oduce the digestive juices, while cells called endocrine pancreasRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Pancreatic Cancer1763 Words   |  8 Pagespancreas (IPMN-p) are one of the subtypes of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. They are neoplasms that arise in the pancreatic ducts and can be visualized as they are usually greater than 0.5 inch in length. They are comprised of tall mucin-producing columnar cells, that have the capability of transforming into pancreatic cancer if left untreated. Their ability to develop into pancreatic cancer is one of the main reasons behind their significance. IPMNs commonly exhibit cell atypia, papillary propagationRead MoreThe Truth About Pancreatic Cancer Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages1.1 Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease that is ranked fourth among cancer-related deaths in Norway. 31 Yearly 600-650 new cases are detected, corresponding to 7 per 100 000 inhabitant. The survival rate five years after diagnosis is very low, at only 5 %. 19 Approximately 90 % of patients diagnosed with advanced pancreatic cancer survive less than one year, with a median survival of 5-6 months. The high mortality rate is connected to late diagnosis, early metastasis andRead MorePancreatic Cancer : A Form Of Cancer1273 Words   |  6 PagesPancreatic Cancer is a form of cancer in which malignant cancer cells invade the pancreas, a gland that produces digestive fluid and hormones that regulate blood sugar. There are two types of pancreatic cancer: exocrine and endocrine cancer. The malignant cells can infiltrate either the exocrine pancreatic cells, responsible for digestive fluid, or the endocrine pancreatic cells, responsible for regulatory hormones. If the pancreas’ ex ocrine cells are affected metabolic functions are slowed or stoppedRead MoreIntroduction Of Cancer And Pancreatic Cancer2209 Words   |  9 PagesI. Introduction of Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer The human body is composed of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells develop, split to make new cells, and perish in a systematized manner. During the course of a human’s primary years, they are still developing and normal cells divide more rapidly. When a child grows into an adult, majority of cells divide for the sole purpose of replacing exhausted, impaired, or dying cells. Cancer originates in cells that are part of the body that starts toRead MoreCauses And Treatments Of Pancreatic Cancer832 Words   |  4 PagesHailey Luckie English 1301 Mrs.Bacon 23 October 2015 Pancreatic Cancer Cancer is a number one cause of death in both men and women around the world. Pancreatic cancer holds a survival rate of just 6% of people surviving within five years after being diagnosed, and there is still no definite cure to the deadly diagnosis. A majority of pancreatic cancer patients fight a long, tiring battle that they usually cannot defeat. Although, this cancer may be very deadly there are many early diagnosis proceduresRead MoreCauses And Treatment Of Pancreatic Cancer2511 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with the 4th highest mortality amongst all cancers. Causes of such high mortality include rapid proliferation, late diagnosis and lack of treatment options available. New therapy aiming to decrease mortality in pancreatic cancer patients aim to work with oncolytic viruses to halt the cell cycle pathway. One of the more promising mutations is the E1A-CR2-deleted AD5 mutants however there are many different types of mutated viruses aimed at

The Occupiers Liability Act 1984 - 2032 Words

Introduction The areas of law to be discussed regarding Lord Waltersmith and potential claims are as followed: †¢ The Occupiers Liability Act 1957: This covers the liability of the occupier for injury suffered by a lawful visitor. Occupier is described as the person with sufficient control to carry liability as found in Wheat v E Lacon Co Ltd (1966) †¢ The Occupiers Liability Act 1984: This offers similar protection to trespassers and users of rights of way that the 1957 Act does for lawful visitors. †¢ Vicarious Liability: This is a form of Strict Liability, and refers to a situation where as someone is held accountable for actions or omissions of another person. Lord Waltersmith †¢ Owner of Country Estate †¢ Duty of care †¢ Construction†¦show more content†¦Under the control test there are certain factors that can be taken in to consideration when determining this. It is clear that the contractor has possession of the land on which the site sits. A contract should have been signed before work commenced. Lord Waltersmith’s duty of care should also be discharged as they are no longer in possession of the land. It does not matter that Lord Waltersmith is the owner of the estate that the construction site sits upon. This will place all liability and any potential compensation claim at the contractor’s door. The contractor may argue that West and Peat were only in the vicinity of the construction site because they were paying visitors to the estate, giving both joint liability for any potential claim. This, however, has a slim chance of success as the incident may have still happened if the construction site had not been on Lord Waltersmith’s estate. There is no actual obligation to keep trespassers out, as argued in British Railways Board v Herrington (1972) . There is however, a duty of care that any reasonably foreseeable injury to any lawful or unlawful visitors is avoided, and that all steps are taken to keep visitors aware of any potential dangers upon entering the site and keep them safe. Warning signs stating the danger, may discharge the duty of car a little. These signs would have to be clear descriptive signs clearly stating what dangers were on theShow MoreRelatedOccupiers Liability in the Commonwealth Caribbean9149 Words   |  37 Pages†¨OCCUPIER’S LIABILITY Occupier’s liability forms part of the liability arising from the occupation of premises. It is therefore related to nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher, breach of statutory duty and basic negligence. Occupier’s liability covers liability for damage (usually personal injury) which occurs to entrants on to the premises of the defendant. In the Commonwealth Caribbean, Barbados and Jamaica have enacted statutes substantially similar to the English Occupiers Liability Act 1957. Barbados:Read MoreOccupiers Liability1527 Words   |  7 PagesOCCUPIERS LIABILITY The occupancy of premises is affected by two statues: 1) The occupier’s liability act 1957. Under this act there is a duty to keep safe and lawful visitors to the premises 2) The occupier’s liability act 1984. Where an occupier may owe a duty to protect trespassers onto the premises. LAWFUL VISITORS A lawful visitor has permission to enter premises. This can be expressed permission of implied. There are four situations covering implied permissions: 1) If the occupierRead MoreThe Issue Of Public Nuisance1728 Words   |  7 Pagesway by the constructions works been carried out on the demolition of the Regan House and the construction of the Dunn building, then they can make a complaint to the Local Authority (the Environment legislation gives powers to the Local Authority to act) in an aim to get an abatement notice served. The crà ¨che could also sue the principle contracting company for remedies i.e. monetary compensation or that of an injunction which can either be a mandatory injunction or prohibition injunction. In orderRead MoreCase Analysis : The Neighbour Principle 1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe three main elements that must be present for liability to be negligent are, the element is that the defendant must owe duty of care to the Claimant, secondly the defendant must have breached the duty of care by an act or omission and lastly the Claimant must have suffered damages or loss because of the defendant s actions, be i t either physically, emotionally or financially. The court may decide that the Phillip owed a duty of care to Frank if they believed what happened to Frank was not beyondRead MoreOccupiers Liability from the Common Law1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe first point to note when analysing occupiers’ liability is that originally it was separate to the general principles of negligence which were outlined in Donoghue v Stevenson .The reason for this â€Å"pigeon hole approach† was that the key decision of occupiers’ liability, Indermaur v Dames was decided sixty six years prior to the landmark decision of Donoghue v Stevenson . McMahon and Binchy state the reason why it was not engulfed into general negligence, was because it â€Å"†¦ had become too firmlyRead MoreEssay on The Tort of Negligence1119 Words   |  5 Pages There are three elements that must be present for an act or omission to be negligent; (1) The defendant owed a duty of care towards the plaintiff; (2) The defendant breached the duty of care by an act or omission; (3) The plaintiff must suffer damage as a result - be it physical, emotional or financial. The court might decide that Freddy (the plaintiff) was owed a duty of care by Elvis (the defendant) if they find that what happened to Freddy was in the realm ofRead MoreTort Law - Construction5987 Words   |  24 Pagessite as well as legal responsibilities as an employer for his employees and their actions. The following areas have been researched: 1. General tortuous liability and contractual liability 2. Liability applicable to the owner of premises 3. Vicarious Liability and Health and Safety 4. Strict Liability Procedure The following research methods were used: Class Notes Text book: Modern Law of Contract, 5th Edition by Richard Stone Websites: en.wikipediaRead MoreCase Study of Tort Law5724 Words   |  23 PagesTask1 What kind of liability do you think Ton should bear in Scenario 1? Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability. There are three differences between liability and contractual liability: A. The difference of base. Contractual liability means that due to the breach of duty, contractual collateral obligation of contract or violates the contract law provisions of the obligations. Finding out a contractual liability has to be in termsRead MoreQuestions On Formation Of Contract4022 Words   |  17 Pages..........8 5- Vicarious Liability...................................................................................................................9 6- Occupiers Liability.................................................................................................................11 7- Strict Liability.........................................................................................................................12 8- Negligence and Vicarious Liability...........................Read MoreLaw, Fault Essay (Aqa)2522 Words   |  11 Pagesbe proved that he carried out an illegal act in a blameworthy manner. An act does not make a man guilty of a crime unless his mind is also guilty. The state of mind of the D is hugely important in assessing whether or not he is at fault. However, to be found guilty of most criminal offences (true crimes) both an AR and MR must be proved. The AR also includes elements of fault. These elements relate to the level of responsibility, a positive voluntary act is considered more blameworthy than an omission

The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci Essay Example For Students

The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci Essay Leonardo dad Vines Last Supper is one of the most appreciated masterpieces in the world. This religious mural painting has as a mayor theme to represent the Christian event known as the Institution of the Eucharist. One can appreciate many elements of design in dad Vines painting. For example, dad Vinci uses mostly geometric shapes to represent the windows behind Jesus, the doors behind the apostles, and the ceiling. Next, lines are all over the painting, like in the borders of the table and its cover, and many curved lines depict the apostles clothing. Also, color in this painting represents the different clothes wore by the apostles and Jesus himself. Color also helps the viewer to see the outside world through the windows behind Jesus. In addition, dad Vinci uses simulated texture in a couple of places, like the ceiling, the clothes, and the table cover. Those spots on the painting look quite real and touchable. Finally, there is a constant rhythm in the ceiling. The viewer can also perceive various principles of design in The Last Supper. For example, right away, it is obvious that the center of attention is Jesus, especially cause there is a lot of movement created by the apostles faces and positions that make the viewer focus on Jesus. Also, the painting is extremely balanced because if it was to be fold with Jesus in the middle, it would fit almost perfectly. Dad Vines work produces a strong feeling of peace on the people who get a chance to see it, not only because of the event that is taking place, but because it is so well balanced and the colors used make good contrasts. Repetition is used very little in the ceiling, and the ours; meanwhile, the brush strokes are not that important for the painting neither. Leonardo dad Vinci painted The Last Supper because Ludicrous Sports, the Duke of Milan, asked him to do so. So it is really not known of how dad Vinci felt about his painting. The combination of elements and principles of design make this painting one of the most beautiful in the world. Its balance, emphasis, and movement make its subject so obvious that makes the painting very appealing. The Last Supper is also the root of many controversial issues regarding the Catholic Church.

Knowledge Management in Organizations

Introduction With increased management strategies and mechanisms, facilitated by increased competition among companies, there is a new wave of management to knowledge management. Globalization and competition has resulted in companies looking for intellectual assets management over and above traditional business assets like physical and human resource.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Knowledge Management in Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The move has been facilitated by advancement in technology with homemade and commercial tools used to produce and distribute information within and without a business. These tools include internet, intranet, CRMs, and advance intellectual data management tools. Business intelligence tools are also considered as knowledge management tools. The major difference that can be seen between the traditional factors of production (land, labor and capital) is that the trad ition approaches offered a diminishing marginal rate of return; however, with every other knowledge learnt, there is an increasing marginal rate of return (Singh Soltani, 2010). This paper discusses how a business can use knowledge management in its operation and how knowledge management influences business restructuring and how it might help an organization better leverage its knowledge resources. Knowledge Management Knowledge management cannot be given a single definition but it entails a combination of issues and processes. They are intangible assets which are unique to different businesses and can be improved with experience and information interpolation. The most important factors considered are human assets that a company have. Human beings have different talents and capabilities; however, tapping this asset requires strategic operation and management. Other than utilizing the knowledge and experience that the employees have, there is the need to use available information to grow and develop knowledge and expertise in employees. Information can be internal and external and how well the information is utilized can result in growth of knowledge, effectiveness, and efficiency in doing business. To effectively utilize information, organizations should move from information hoarding to sharing of information that they are holding for the benefit of others; this is so despite the fact that there are some private information that a company can hold (March Kim, 1988). Other than physical, financial, and human resources being available in an organization there is need to integrate an intellectual asset where these resources can be managed and measures developed to ensure a company has a competitive advantage. Knowledge management is a process which involves understanding the current operation, understanding the potentials and weakness of a company then strategies to get relevant business information and knowledge developed.Advertising Looking for report o n business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The following are the objectives of a knowledge management process; †¢ To develop knowledge based competence for decision making; this will assist a firm to adapt to changing business environment, be able to learn and adjust faster than their competitors. This results in a competitive edge †¢ It aims at developing a company from a production-based company to knowledge-based company; this means that a company will not only be competing in the lines of quantity, price, and availability as suggested by 4Ps of marketing but will go a step higher to quality improvement and continuity. †¢ Improving social capital in a firm for better performance of the general company. The present Knowledge Management Programs With well organized knowledge management tools, there are numerous advantages that a business is likely to get. The success of a business is dependent on the qua lity of decisions that managers at different levels make. High quality decision leads to competitive advantage. One of the most critical decisions that managers should make is one that reduces cost of production. Knowledge management tools assist a company to develop a cost cutting policy by recognizing areas of inefficiency and rectifying them. With a reduced cost of production, then it can sell at a lower price than its competitors. For example, city of Albuquerque utilized KM to develop mechanisms to cut down their cell phone bill; they managed overtime and identified areas of inefficiency in their operations. The resultant was saving the city $2 million in a period of three years. Toyota in Tokyo, Japan, recognized that it was double paying its shipment in 2000. The amount that it had already double paid was to the tune of $800,000 (Chong, Keng-Boon, Binshan Pei-Lee, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Knowledge Management in Organizations specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When making decisions managers need to be informed and have reliable past, current, and futurist data. With futuristic decisions, a company is likely to satisfy its current and future customers. When making strategy for a company, there are generally three approaches; cost strategy, differential strategy, and flow strategy. In a cost strategy a company aims at improving its efficiency to a level that it becomes the least cost producer. In a differential strategy the business aim at getting unique products that will attract the greatest number of customers and meet their need. A KM system offers a chance to analyze the trends of customers and thus a business will always be ahead of its consumers and competitors in their products. This will eventually give the business an upper hand. Flow strategy is all about establishing a certain area that has un-tapped market then entering the market. When there is data a busin ess will always be aware of emerging opportunities in the business world and venture into them after analyzing them using the available data. One of the major hindrances to making the right decision is lack of information. The initial point in coming up with a good knowledge management strategy is data mining. This is ensuring that data has been captured that will assist in developing the knowledge of staffs and enhancing their improvement. The following table shows the procedures that are involved in a Knowledge development process; This major process†¦ Includes these activities†¦. Gathering Data entry, OCR and scanning, Voice input, Pulling information from various sources and Searching for information to include Organizing Cataloguing, Indexing, Filtering and Linking Refining Contextualizing, Collaborating, Compacting, Projecting and Mining Disseminating Flow, Sharing, Alert and Push The process involves an analysis of corporate goals and m ission of a given company a move that will assist in developing mechanism for better utilization of intellectual’s information. When information and data have been gotten in an organization, the information is used to improve the operations of a company. Improving these operations may call for restructuring of various processes and even making structural adjustments to accommodate better learnt methods of doing work. Lesson learnt In developing a good KM system there are different issues that emerge and hinder an organization from full enjoyment of its benefits. These issues can be broadly divided into two categories; people organizational issues, and technological issues.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People and Organization issues An organization requires physical and human resources for its operations. How well an organization blends its human resources determine its success. The human resource department is given the mandate of ensuring that adequate employees are available at all times. It has the mandate of planning, deploying, employing, training, and dismissal of employees. When the department is undertaking this duty, it looks into quantitative and qualitative aspects. Qualitative means the right number of employees and qualitative means employees with right skills. However, to tap the talents and intellectual asset of people there are factors that have to be considered, they are; Resistance to change People are not willing to move from their comfort zone to look for better ways of doing things yet they are willing to adopt the new systems. Although everybody is a thinker in his own capacity there are people who are willing to develop and look for better ways of doing thi ngs. This is a culture that should be cultivated in an organization as it will ensure that knowledge has been sought and utilized in an organization. Organizational culture Organizational culture is unwritten or unseen control that exists in a company; it can be for the benefit of a company or the loss of the company. When a culture that does not support and nurture innovation and creativity is adopted in a company, then developing a pool of knowledge will not be possible; knowledge management and development involves an entire company to come up with improvements in their own area utilizing the talents and experiences that they have. To facilitate an organizational culture that adopts change and is willing to create and be innovative the management should have motivational measures targeting these effects. For example, adopting an expectancy theory of motivation would assist a company in initiating a spirit of creativity and motivation in an organization. Lack of trust in the syste m Disseminating information using the informational technology and communication tools is a fast method however the method can result in information going to the wrong people. To develop a good knowledge sharing tools and mechanisms there is need to create trusted sites and information control mechanism so as sharing of information can be facilitated without any risk. Employee retaining Information is developed over time; there is explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge can be documented and reviewed in the future for better decision. There are documented better ways of doing things and processes that has been attained from previous experiences. This information can be available even when an employee has left an organization. What needs to be tapped and retained through retaining employees is tacit knowledge; this is knowledge mostly in term of experience, professionalism, and talent development which an organization has managed to develop. To have an effective kn owledge management system these people need to be maintained and these assets utilized accordingly. The experience may be lost due to retirement, change of jobs, and natural factors (like death and sickness). To maintain this, there is need to have a good staff retention mechanism and employee who had appropriate skill but got to retirement age should be contracted as consultants to the firm (Key Tompson, 2009). Motivational issues For creativity and innovation staffs must be motivated to think and come up with ways that can improve the current situation in a business. The role of motivation and tapping of potential should not be left to the human resource department but line managers should have the capability of recognizing a certain idea/talent and growing it to the benefit of the organization. Pressure of work The kind of pressure and working environment that an organization gives to its employees will influence their move towards a KM direction. If the environment is of a dict atorship kind where the management has the final word without considering the views and observation of other employees then there is a high likelihood that the process and solution development in terms of knowledge will be hampered. Structuring an organization to have a smooth flow of information and giving credit where it is worth is of great essence in developing a good KM frame work (Jensen, Webster, 2009). Technology and Process issues Information communication and Technology tools There is a high tendency that management will be more skewed to offer attention to analysis and information that information technology tools have. However, this is not the focus of a knowledge management program. Computers and other information and technology tools are there to facilitate and assist development of knowledge management but should not be the sources of information necessary. People are the driving force and should be given the first priority. Restricted access Information is a valuabl e asset whose access should be restricted. However, there are times that a restriction could work for the disadvantage of an organization. In most cases management are given the right to access sensitive information but since they are not the user the idea of disseminating the information can lead to other issues. Too much theory Theory should be used to give a direction that the organization should follow but does not dictate the path to be followed. Different organizations have different need which requires different approaches. Focusing so much on theory can be dangerous to the implementation of a good KM system (Lingling, Jun, Yong, Xiaohui, 2009). Matching Ahead There are three simple stages in developing a good KM strategy. They include focusing on technical knowledge of an organization; this is looking in terms of the need and the level that the available intellectual assets are utilized. After understanding the level of utility a decision to increase effectiveness is made. The second stage is developing and sharing of information. This is the stage that ways are devised that is of benefit to an organization. The last stage is the stage where from the gathered information, knowledge, and experience new developments of doing things are made. It is also the stage that oversees and monitors the entire process. To effectively match ahead the following things should be put in place:- Formulate a knowledge leadership committee The committee should be composed of people from all departments who are willing to embrace change. Most preferably it should be composed of opinion leaders who are able to influence a department or a certain group of people that they lead. The support of top management can be felt through their participation and involvement in these organizations. Develop a framework that place KM in the business context These are frameworks which will ensure that there is an appropriate method of data creation, data analysis, knowledge development, kn owledge dissemination, knowledge security, and ensure that there is an adequate checks and balances system to evaluate a system in different times (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2007). Aligning value-adding knowledge process with the strategic goals The new move is seen as a change in an organization and thus it should go in line with the expectations of the organization. A move aimed at ensuring that organizational goals are attained as knowledge developed is crucial. In this, there is need for adequate monitoring and coaching of staffs for them not to be focused on knowledge development at the expense of the organization. A clear understanding in employees should be ensured. A likely scenario that has happened in the past is after the process has been put in place then employees feel that their organization is moving to a state where it requires highly educated people. They start going back to school in large number or seeking for other â€Å"less demanding† jobs. Motivate and enhance knowledge sharing and learning convergence The success of a change system is dependent on how employees are motivated and are willing to adopt change. Modern systems of motivation are moving from the traditional roles played by human resources to a more involvement of other people like line managers and colleagues. Other than having money as the only motivator, creating a good working environment will go a notch higher in ensuring that there is good adopting of knowledge (Wang, Hult, Ketchen Ahmed, 2009). Rebuilding and Reinforcement of enablers There are three major enablers in a knowledge management system; they are people (employees), technology, and processes. They should be addressed separately to ensure that they are aligned to the end result in developing an effective knowledge system. †¢ Human resources They are the ones who are responsible for developing the knowledge required in an organization. To facilitate their involvement, they should be involved in the system development from the initial stage. The move and decision to have the system may have come from the management but should not be forced on people. There is a lot of anxiety created when a new system is being put in place. This involves employees wondering what will happen to their jobs if the system is implemented. Such anxieties should be dealt with accordingly. Top management involvement and participation is important in ensuring that the process is a success. If the system is supported by top management, employees are likely to adopt it. This will also create a one voice in management, employees, and directors. Encouraging safe information sharing among employees; this involves having a well defined way through which a development or creativity can be communicated in an organization. One of the hindrances that kill the spirit of creativity and innovation is hijacking of ideas. This is a move which should be stopped by devising mechanisms that ensures that in case of an innovation and creativity, credit is given to the right person (Perrott, 2008). †¢ Process To have good knowledge development and utilization there is need to align all organizational system to this effect. For example, if the focus is on getting response from customers a system that facilitates customers to give their observation and views is important. To align the system to this effect there should be the involvement of people on the ground (people who are undertaking various functions in an organization), supervisors, process head, departmental heads, and even casuals. They are all part of the system and should be considered always. †¢ Technology Appropriate and up to date information technology tools should be used in the entire organization. Hardware and software tools should be developed which are appropriate for the attainment of set goals and objectives. Intranet and internet services should not only be implemented but monitored to ensure that they do not lead to avenues t hat an organization will lose its knowledge information. It should be a mechanism to facilitate sharing and dissemination of information (Johnson, 2008). Implementation Phase Implementation can be in three stages; it is going to follow the normal process of knowledge management but different level has different functions they are; †¢ focusing on technical knowledge of an organization (1-4 months) Activities Formulate a knowledge leadership committee Develop a framework that place KM in the business context †¢ developing and sharing of information (4-8 months) Activities Analyzing internal processes for better strategy development Prepare the organizational infrastructure and people for the new process †¢ Monitoring and control (8-16 months) Aligning value-adding knowledge process with the strategic goals Motivate and enhance knowledge sharing and learning convergence Rebuilding and Reinforcement of enablers (Kumar Thondikulam, 2006). Conclusion Knowledge management i s a new management tool which has taken center stage in many organizations. It aims at developing information and knowledge to empower employees and organizational process for better ways of doing business. It aims at high efficiency and effectiveness in an organization. It’s a process that entails involving all employees to come up with creative ways of conducting business in the changing business environment. When implementing the plan, systems for collection, analyzing, disseminating, and evaluating information should be put in place. Effectiveness in KM process is influenced by employees and organizational factors, technology, and processes. Before starting a KM implementation process, management should communicate and explain to their employees on what are the goals they want met failure to which the process can get repression from employees. An organization with a well managed knowledge has better ways of doing business and adopts to change effectively. Reference List C hong, A., Keng-Boon, O., Binshan, L., Pei-Lee, T. (2010). TQM, knowledge management and collaborative commerce adoption: A literature review and research framework. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 21(5), 457-473. Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. (2007). Knowledge management in 21st century manufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 45(11), 2391-2418. Jensen, P., Webster, E. (2009). Knowledge management: does capture impede creation? Industrial Corporate Change, 18(4), 701-727. doi:10.1093/icc/dtp025. Johnson, R. (2008). Knowledge management in the Web 2.0 Age. Associations Now, 4(1), 57. Key, M., Tompson, H. (2009). Knowledge Management: A Glass Half Full. People Strategy, 32(4), 42-47. Kumar, S., Thondikulam, G. (2006). Knowledge management in a collaborative business framework. Information Knowledge Systems Management, 5(3), 171-187. Lingling, Z., Jun, L., Yong, S., Xiaohui, L. (2009). Foundations of intelligent knowledge management. Human Systems Management, 28(4), 145-161. March, S., Kim, Y. (1988). Information Resource Management: A Metadata Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 5(3), 5-18. Perrott, B. (2008). Knowledge management from an industry perspective: Findings from an industry study. Journal of General Management, 34(1), 55-70. Singh, A., Soltani, E. (2010). Knowledge management practices in Indian information technology companies. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 21(2), 145-157. Wang, C., Hult, G., Ketchen, D., Ahmed, P. (2009). Knowledge management orientation, market orientation, and firm performance: an integration and empirical examination. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 17(2), 99-122. This report on Knowledge Management in Organizations was written and submitted by user V1nd1cat0r to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.